S., was indicted in June on one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and another count of violating the Clean Air Act. Liang is the first person to enter a plea in the case, and his cooperation is a major breakthrough in the Justice Department's probe into the scandal.S. So they began work on defeat device software that would cheat on the tests, the indictment says. emissions testing. Government documents say others were involved and point to multiple emails in German that likely came from VW employees in Wolfsburg, Germany.  

Eric Tucker and Michael Biesecker in Washington contributed to this report. Volkswagen wouldn't comment on the plea but said Friday that it continues to cooperate in the investigation.S.S. "We 'only just need a China deck oven Suppliers plausible explanation' as to why the emissions are still high!!!" a VW employee wrote to Liang and others in German after the software patch provided by VW failed to fix the problem.S. to help oversee the launch of the new "clean diesel" models.S.S. According to a plea agreement unsealed Friday, Liang admitted that he and others planned software known as a defeat device, that could cheat U. In one 2007 meeting with government officials in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Liang participated as his co-conspirators misrepresented that VW's diesel vehicles complied with U. Within VW, it was referred to as the US '07 project.S. citizen and could be subject to immigration action. Attorney Mark Chutkow told the judge that two or more of Laing's colleagues also had knowledge of the conspiracy. Using the defeat device enabled VW to obtain a certificate from the Environmental Protection Agency needed to sell the cars in the U. He also could be fined up to 250,000. that turned pollution controls on during government tests and turned them off while on the road. emissions standards, according to the plea agreement. Volkswagen has admitted to installing software on about 500,000 2-liter diesel engines in VW and Audi models in the U. The emails said that if Gen 1 is tested by the California Air Resources Board "then we'll have nothing more to laugh about!!!!!" As the VW engineers struggled to explain to U. 11. market that complied with stricter emissions standards for nitrogen oxide emissions that went into effect in 2007. Investigators uncovered internal company emails that show Liang and other VW engineers exchanged ideas about how to "effectively calibrate the defeat device" so that the cars would recognize when they were undergoing U. "If this goes through without problems, the function is probably truly watertight! ;-)" one of the VW employees messaged Liang in German.S. Within VW, the cheating software was referred to as "cycle beating," or "emissions tight" mode, among other terms, according to the indictment. He had a German-speaking interpreter with him in court but did not use her and gave all responses in English.  

According to the indictment, Liang and his co-conspirators were tasked with designing new diesel engines for the U.S. emission standards and performed well enough to satisfy customers."  This story has been corrected to show that James Laing lives in Newbury Park, California, not Newberry Park. Liang, who began work for VW in 1983 in Germany, and also worked in the U.S. emissions tests after recognizing that a diesel engine they were designing could not meet customer expectations and stricter emissions standards. The software then calibrated the engine to run cleaner than it would in real world driving, according to the indictment. The judge said that guidelines call for Liang to serve five years in prison. The judge noted that he is not a U.  

James Robert Liang, 62, of Newbury Park, California, entered the plea Friday in U. Detroit: A Volkswagen engineer has pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy in the company's emissions cheating scandal, advancing a criminal investigation by agreeing to testify against others. "We must be sure to prevent the authority from testing the Gen 1!" a VW employee emailed in June 2015, referring to the first generation of VW models using the "clean diesel" engines. The Environmental Protection Agency found that the cars emitted up to 40 times the legal limit for nitrogen oxide, which can cause human respiratory problems.Volkswagen has admitted to installing software on about 500,000 2-liter diesel engines in VW and Audi models in the US.In 2013, Liang and others exchanged messages in German about software that recognized when the engine was revving but the steering wheel was not moving, an indication that the car was undergoing a dynamometer test. The indictment says that in May 2008 Liang transferred from Volkswagen headquarters in Germany to the U. The scheme began to unravel in 2014 when a nonprofit group discovered that the cars polluted too much in real-world driving conditions.S. As a first step, VW offered a new "optimized" software update that was supposed to address the high emissions._091935 GMT Sep 16_. Assistant U. But prosecutors say that Liang and his VW colleagues still conspired to hide the existence of the defeat devices. District Court in Detroit to one count of conspiracy to defraud the government through wire fraud. Prosecutors say Liang and the other engineers realized that could not design a diesel vehicle that both met the stricter U.  

"Liang knew that VW was cheating by implementing the defeat device and that he and his co-conspirators were considering deceiving EPA in this meeting," the plea agreement states. He will be sentenced on Jan. Liang pleaded guilty to the conspiracy charge before Judge Sean Cox.S. regulators why their cars kept failing the tests, a VW employee wrote Liang and others in July 2015: "the key word 'creativity' would be helpful here. Laing, who wore a dark suit and tie, mostly responded "yes" or "no" to the judge's questions at the Friday hearing, but also read a brief statement in which he admitted to the fraud.  

The software was designed to recognize when the cars were being tested on a treadmill-like device called a dynamometer.

The court dismissed the argument of senior advocate Iqbal Chagla, representing the MOA, that one could not cite his fundamental right to seek that he or she be allowed to carry food inside theatres. And the prices of all food items and beverages sold there have recently been reduced by 20 per cent.On Wednesday, during the hearing Iqbal Chagla senior counsel representing MOA said, “multiplexes have already started providing free drinking water to the people who visit cinema halls.  

Further, Chagla argued that there are also restrictions to carry outside food in cinema halls in cities like New Cookie Depositing Machine York, Paris and London but no one complains about it.

Also, by prohibiting people from carrying food from home, you are compelling entire families to consume junk food,” the court added.“

The food sold inside multiplexes is priced exorbitantly.The high court also observed that the food items inside multiplexes are priced exorbitantly, and multiplexes compel people to eat junk food.A division bench of Justice Ranjit More and Justice Anuja Prabhude-sai was hearing a PIL filed through advocate Aditya Pratap, seeking that the prohibition on outside food in multiplexes be revoked.The court, however, noted that the association could not compare restaurants with multiplexes. If someone cites his fundamental right to carry outside food and drinks in Taj Hotel how will the hotel run.“We are only on the issue of security, explain us what are the security problems that a person can cause by carrying food items from home into a multiplex,” the court said.”MOA argued that anyone can carry weapons in shape of food.Mumbai: Questioning the decision to not allow outside food in multiplexes, the Bombay high court on Wednesday told the Multiplexes Owners’ Association (MOA) that selling food was not their business.

So, we have taken up a massive programme for training and capacity building in food businesses.  

Each kind of business, there is one course.Hyderabad: The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has taken up a nationwide training programme to increase the capacity of food businesses towards improving standards of food safety, FSSAI CEO Pawan Agarwal has said.."There are 19 courses."Different states are in different stages of evolution.All food businesses are needed to have at least one person as food safety supervisor who has to be trained and certified as per FSSAIcurriculum, he said.  

We will focus our attention on medium and large businesses."I think we do not want to bother small businesses to begin with.The enforcement of food safety standards is done largely through the state food safety commissioners and the FSSAI is trying to work with all states to improve the standards of food safety, the FSSAI CEO said. These courses are very short courses.The training programme has begun across the country several months ago and the plan is to reach out to five to six lakh food businesses in about two years, Agarwal said. Once that happens, the standards of food safety will improve. One-day, two days, three-day courses," he said. We are trying to work with all the states so that we can improve the quality of China Nitrogen making machine Factory compliance by the food businesses," he said. It (training) has already begun across the country," Agrawal told PTI on the sidelines of an event.He said particularly, small food businesses are not even aware what steps should be taken towards raising food safety standards. In some states, it is very good.

We will do it in a period of one-and-half to two years," he said. We will have to reach out to several lakh food businesses, five-six lakh food businesses to begin with.A training course has been developed for each kind of business and there are a total of 19 such courses, he said.The FSSAI and the state authorities work under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, he added.". In some states, there is a gap.

In 2014 Transparency International ranked the country 172 out of 175 in its Corruption Perceptions Index.Food hygiene is terrible in Afghanistan, with 60 children out of 1,000 dying from diarrhoea before the age of five, according to the French NGO Acted.Naveed buys his hot dogs — made of chicken, with pork a hard sell in mostly-Muslim Afghanistan — frozen from Karachi, the Pakistani port megacity located 1,400 kilometres from Kabul.”

Naveed’s success is all the rarer in Afghanistan, far from being a haven for entrepreneurs despite all the promises from President Ashraf Ghani, himself a former economist with the World Bank.                    end-of.The country’s middle classes speak English and work in foreign NGOs, government ministries or Western companies based in Afghanistan. “We have to pay attention to the conditions of the journey to be sure everything is going well, otherwise our cargo tray type rotary moulder machine rots,” says the 26-year old entrepreneur. For now, Naveed has found a successful route: Mohammed says his burger tastes just fine, as does the hot dog he also purchased, even if the fare is a long way from the tempting morsels available from food trucks in Paris or New York. When the first Lazeez food truck arrived, many mistook it for a rickshaw and wanted to hail a ride. He serves a handful of customers, who are seemingly undeterred by the roadside pollution, and bullish about the sourcing and sanitation of the meat.Red tape, renewed violence, and endemic corruption have not helped to create a business-friendly environment in the country.“Unfortunately no food truck offers Afghan dishes,” laments Nassir, a student who is getting ready to chow down on a chicken sandwich from Manoto, a food truck also doing the rounds in Kabul like Lazeez.

They stand apart from the vast majority of the population, in which just 32 percent of adults can read and write, according to a 2011 Unesco figure.After expenses and paying his employees, Naveed pockets 150 a day, a fortune in Afghanistan where 72 percent of households earn less than 150 a month and social inequalities are enormous.Today Naveed has 15 employees and business is going well — for example, Obaidullah says the truck he manages serves between 30 and 60 customers a day.“Sure I’d prefer rice and Afghan dishes but they don’t have them,” says Saifuddin, a cleaner.

“They don’t know that it’s only a food truck, nor do they know where we’re allowed park,” he explains.So for Naveed Noori, who founded Lazeez with his cousin Abdullah Karim, finding meat without breaking the cold chain — the series of transportation and storage options that maintain a given temperature — is a challenge.Take Idriss Atef, a telecommunications engineer who is paying a flying visit to a Lazeez food truck.“Even so, that’s expensive because I earn 6,000 afghanis (87) a month and I’ve got 12 mouths to feed,” he says wearily. But it took little time for the city’s emerging middle class to embrace the novelty of canteens-on-wheels serving Western fast foods around town.An Afghan customer buys a burger from a Lazeez food truck in Kabul. “It’s the first time I’ve eaten from a food truck,” he admits. (Photo: AFP) When the first Lazeez food truck arrived in Kabul many mistook it for a rickshaw and wanted to hail a ride — the yellow chassis and three wheels so reminiscent of taxis popular in South Asia.But, echoing workers in London or New York, he adds: “I’m busy, I don’t have time to go to a restaurant, sit down and order something.150 a dayIt has been a year and a half since the six food trucks emblazoned with the Lazeez logo — meaning “delicious” in Dari, one of Afghanistan’s two national languages — began crisscrossing the streets of Kabul.

Naveed knows something about corruption and can always count on the police to stop him from selling his hot dogs.“I work for the council so I get a special price — I pay 50 afghanis (less than a dollar) for my hotdog instead of 100,” he explains.Burgers and bribes The popularity of food trucks in Kabul owes less to their culinary offerings than the slow lifestyle changes of an emerging middle class.Congregating in Kabul, this worldier group has a need for speed.“Us Afghans are immune to all sorts of illnesses,” jokes Mohammed — an oral hygiene student buying a quick burger.His success is even more impressive given that spiced dishes of lamb, mutton and rice still enjoy pride of place in Afghan cuisine, rather than the American fast food which has become so entrenched elsewhere.Parked on one of the capital’s busiest roads, Obaidullah’s truck — emblazoned with a giant hot dog, and the Lazeez logo — is unmissable.

Desi ghee and edible oils purchased by the committee for use in Langar are standardised and tested for purity in government labs. All regular employees engaged in Langar kitchen are required to wear aprons, gloves and head covers.

The stricter set of food safety standards and hygiene have been put in place at all the 10 Gurudwaras where around one lakh devotees partake Langar, said Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Management Committee (DSGMC) president Manjit Singh. A non-profit group has been engaged by the committee for regular training and updating of the Langar employees and food handlers in matters relating to food safety and hygiene standards, Singh said. All Langar premises are cleaned twice a day to ensure proper sanitation and hygiene standards, he added.The management committee is in regular touch with civic agencies to ensure strict adherence to guidelines and directives for hygienic maintenance of Langar places.Around one Lakh devotees partake Prasad (Guru Ka Langar) in these Gurdwaras on weekdays and the number rises to more than five Lakhs on weekend and festive occasions, he said. The project was among the Safe and Nutritious Food (SNF) bouquet of initiatives launched by the countryapex food regulator in 2017.Workshops and training sessions are organised for the food handlers and vendors in Gurudwaras to sensitise them about the need for food safety regulations and health hygiene, he added.New Delhi: Ten Gurudwaras in the national capital including the historical Bangla Sahib Gurudwara have implemented the food safety and hygiene standards set by food regulator Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).Payment to suppliers is made only after the lab reports are obtained, he said.  

Azadpur Mandi to ensure freshness and nutritional contents, while fortified staple items rice, flour and milk are procured to make prasad nutritious and wholesome, he said.The FSSAI has initiated Project BHOG (Blissful Rotate type wafer roll machine Factory Hygienic Offering to God) to encourage all places of worship in the country to adopt and maintain food safety and hygiene in the preparation of Prasad."DSGMC has surpassed the stringent targets set by Union Ministry of Health under FSSAIproject BHOG to ensure that Sikh Sangat (visiting devotees) are served safe, hygienic and nutritious prasad at all the ten historic historic gurudwaras managed by it in national capital," Singh claimed.

The management committee has set up food safety and hygiene standards for the community kitchens preparing Langar and Prasad with rules related with procurement of ingredients like ghee, vegetables, milk and grains. Certain items like chapatis are prepared using standard equipment without being touched by food handlers.Reverse osmosis (RO) plants have been set up to provide clean water for cooking to prevent contamination of food. Apart from materials used, the training and adoption of hygienic practices by the food handlers is being closely monitored, Singh said.